Foulds' compassion for the singularity of each individual's suffering saves his characters from becoming caricatures
Stories of war lack conclusion. The Iliad ends with the burial of Hector, "the breaker of horses", but after the last line we know the victors and victims will continue to tell the saga in endless variations, from the days of Hector to our own bloody times. In essence, every war copies the argument of the war of Troy. Closer to our century, the second world war still provides material for the latest chapters, one conquering empire passing the crown to another, "hopefully without barbarians or dark ages", as an Oxford-educated north African aristocrat remarks in Adam Foulds' new novel. Foulds has chosen to set his story at the moment when the allied forces arrive in Sicily, bringing with them good intentions, greedy ambition and a new quality of suffering. As we should have learned by now, there never is liberation without destruction.
The two main protagonists here are almost staples of world war fiction. The first is a young English field security officer, Will Walker, a model of Anglo-Saxon attitudes: stiff upper lip in spite of lacking the "look of the officer class", thinking he can stop someone from shooting with an "I say!", introducing himself as a fellow "from the Midlands, Shakespeare's country". The second is an American soldier, Ray Marfione, "from Little Italy not big Italy", a quiet, thoughtful Hemingway type full of plots for the film scripts he wants one day to write, all with happy endings. The war zone is not a place for either of them.
The chronicle of the liberation of Italy by the allies, clumsily groping their way from Sicily northwards, attempting to push back the fascists' resistance and the German army, is not a glorious one, as readers have known since the fascist novelist Curzio Malaparte published his masterpiece The Skin in 1949. However, Foulds adds a fairly new twist to his story by interweaving the traditional account of the abuses and mayhem with the goings-on of the mafia, whose activities during the second world war have not been all that common fodder in fiction. As Foulds makes clear, the mafia held its power in every area of Italian society before and after the war, from the church and the aristocracy to the petty bureaucrats and the police, controlling with its laws of silence or reprisal the lives of almost every person. Among the mafiosi Foulds is again this side of caricature: here, the godfather who returns after years of hiding to find his woman married to another, promptly gets rid of his rival and marries the widow, has less a Richard III air about him than echoes of The Sopranos.
However, Foulds knows how to transform picture-postcard atmosphere into something else. Arriving in Sicily, Marfione is greeted by a cliche: "Passing through the liberated towns, the doorways were full of hungry children who came out to beg for food and cheer them. Their clothes and faces – they looked exactly like the children in the family photographs in the dresser in the hall, stiff cardboard images of rigid Pugliese families, dark eyes, moustaches and oiled hair, heavy beaded dresses, hands immobile forever on knees and solemn children standing in knickerbockers, thick socks and polished boots." And then, Foulds has the literary intelligence to turn the commonplace on its head. "Most of these clothes, his mother explained, would have been hired for the occasion. Here these children were now, famished in the middle of a war. On the walls behind them, already defaced, were posters of Mussolini. They shouted at Ray in his parents' language. Believe! Obey! Fight!"
What saves these characters from becoming caricatures is Foulds' sensitive understanding of war's horror, and his wise compassion for the singularity of each of their individual suffering: Walker losing his virginity not to the girl he has chosen but to a random other, "in exchange for a tin of mackerel"; Marfione making love to a prostitute and thinking "of the Germans in the trench wilting down into their own blood". And when these characters can catch their breath and allow their thoughts to surface in the moments of respite between the slaughter, and even in the battlefield itself, Foulds subtly shows their incomprehension of what is taking place all around them and in themselves as well.
Foulds' acknowledged narrative mastery as a novelist and as a poet (the list of his awards fills the whole of the back cover) is often apparent in this book: in the ambiguous dialogues between strangers revealing unspoken intimacies, in the delicately clipped snippets of everyday life recalled in the confusion of the war, in the lyrical broken-up sentences that mirror the physical and mental shattering of the ongoing slaughter.
As suits a war story, In the Wolf's Mouth concludes with a plea to remember: in technical terms, a debriefing. Standing in front of an official and his typewriter, Marfione is told to recall what happened. "Fine," says the official. "Tell me from the beginning.""We came through fighting," Marfione answers. "We got lost. We really got lost.""Okay," says the official. "Go on." With these words the novel ends and the story begins again.
• Alberto Manguel's A Reader on Reading is published by Yale. Reported by guardian.co.uk 4 days ago.
Stories of war lack conclusion. The Iliad ends with the burial of Hector, "the breaker of horses", but after the last line we know the victors and victims will continue to tell the saga in endless variations, from the days of Hector to our own bloody times. In essence, every war copies the argument of the war of Troy. Closer to our century, the second world war still provides material for the latest chapters, one conquering empire passing the crown to another, "hopefully without barbarians or dark ages", as an Oxford-educated north African aristocrat remarks in Adam Foulds' new novel. Foulds has chosen to set his story at the moment when the allied forces arrive in Sicily, bringing with them good intentions, greedy ambition and a new quality of suffering. As we should have learned by now, there never is liberation without destruction.
The two main protagonists here are almost staples of world war fiction. The first is a young English field security officer, Will Walker, a model of Anglo-Saxon attitudes: stiff upper lip in spite of lacking the "look of the officer class", thinking he can stop someone from shooting with an "I say!", introducing himself as a fellow "from the Midlands, Shakespeare's country". The second is an American soldier, Ray Marfione, "from Little Italy not big Italy", a quiet, thoughtful Hemingway type full of plots for the film scripts he wants one day to write, all with happy endings. The war zone is not a place for either of them.
The chronicle of the liberation of Italy by the allies, clumsily groping their way from Sicily northwards, attempting to push back the fascists' resistance and the German army, is not a glorious one, as readers have known since the fascist novelist Curzio Malaparte published his masterpiece The Skin in 1949. However, Foulds adds a fairly new twist to his story by interweaving the traditional account of the abuses and mayhem with the goings-on of the mafia, whose activities during the second world war have not been all that common fodder in fiction. As Foulds makes clear, the mafia held its power in every area of Italian society before and after the war, from the church and the aristocracy to the petty bureaucrats and the police, controlling with its laws of silence or reprisal the lives of almost every person. Among the mafiosi Foulds is again this side of caricature: here, the godfather who returns after years of hiding to find his woman married to another, promptly gets rid of his rival and marries the widow, has less a Richard III air about him than echoes of The Sopranos.
However, Foulds knows how to transform picture-postcard atmosphere into something else. Arriving in Sicily, Marfione is greeted by a cliche: "Passing through the liberated towns, the doorways were full of hungry children who came out to beg for food and cheer them. Their clothes and faces – they looked exactly like the children in the family photographs in the dresser in the hall, stiff cardboard images of rigid Pugliese families, dark eyes, moustaches and oiled hair, heavy beaded dresses, hands immobile forever on knees and solemn children standing in knickerbockers, thick socks and polished boots." And then, Foulds has the literary intelligence to turn the commonplace on its head. "Most of these clothes, his mother explained, would have been hired for the occasion. Here these children were now, famished in the middle of a war. On the walls behind them, already defaced, were posters of Mussolini. They shouted at Ray in his parents' language. Believe! Obey! Fight!"
What saves these characters from becoming caricatures is Foulds' sensitive understanding of war's horror, and his wise compassion for the singularity of each of their individual suffering: Walker losing his virginity not to the girl he has chosen but to a random other, "in exchange for a tin of mackerel"; Marfione making love to a prostitute and thinking "of the Germans in the trench wilting down into their own blood". And when these characters can catch their breath and allow their thoughts to surface in the moments of respite between the slaughter, and even in the battlefield itself, Foulds subtly shows their incomprehension of what is taking place all around them and in themselves as well.
Foulds' acknowledged narrative mastery as a novelist and as a poet (the list of his awards fills the whole of the back cover) is often apparent in this book: in the ambiguous dialogues between strangers revealing unspoken intimacies, in the delicately clipped snippets of everyday life recalled in the confusion of the war, in the lyrical broken-up sentences that mirror the physical and mental shattering of the ongoing slaughter.
As suits a war story, In the Wolf's Mouth concludes with a plea to remember: in technical terms, a debriefing. Standing in front of an official and his typewriter, Marfione is told to recall what happened. "Fine," says the official. "Tell me from the beginning.""We came through fighting," Marfione answers. "We got lost. We really got lost.""Okay," says the official. "Go on." With these words the novel ends and the story begins again.
• Alberto Manguel's A Reader on Reading is published by Yale. Reported by guardian.co.uk 4 days ago.